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Terem (Russia)
The "terem" (Russian: Терем) refers to the separate living quarters occupied by elite women of Muscovite Russia. Also, the upper story of a home or castle, often with a pitched roof. More broadly, the term is used by historians to discuss the elite social practice of female seclusion that reached its height in seventeenth-century Muscovy. Royal or noble women were not only confined to separate quarters, but were also prevented from socialization with men outside their immediate family, and were shielded from the public eye in closed carriages or heavily concealing clothing.
The word is not to be confused with the Terem Palace in Moscow, an extended part of the Grand Kremlin Palace, which was not occupied exclusively by women.
== Etymology ==
Although the origins of the terem as a Muscovite practice are still a matter of debate among historians, scholars generally agree that the word itself is derived from the Byzantine Greek word ''teremnon'' (Greek:τέρεμνον), meaning chamber or abode. Its usage in a Russian context has been dated to Kievan times. The word terem is in no way linguistically related to the Arabic word harem, as was mistakenly assumed by foreign travelers to Russia during the Muscovite period, as well as nineteenth-century Russian historians who thought it to be directly derived from the Islamic practice of enclosing the female members of a household.〔 Parallels have been drawn between the terem and the South Asian practice of female physical seclusion, purdah, but this is also problematic due to a lack of evidence suggesting that the Muscovite terem was derived from Asian cultural practices (see Origins and Historiography).〔 Original Muscovite sources often use the work pokoi, but nineteenth-century historians popularized the word terem, which became synonymous with the general practice of elite female seclusion.
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